{"id":6370,"date":"2022-01-10T12:39:36","date_gmt":"2022-01-10T11:39:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalvetslab.com\/?p=6370"},"modified":"2022-01-10T12:52:39","modified_gmt":"2022-01-10T11:52:39","slug":"seasonal-pathology-and-nutrition-bulletin-fourth-quarter-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deltalabs.online\/en\/seasonal-pathology-and-nutrition-bulletin-fourth-quarter-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"SEASONAL PATHOLOGY AND NUTRITION BULLETIN – Fourth quarter of 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

FOURTH QUARTER OF 2021<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. GLOBAL SITUATION<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

During this fourth quarter of 2021, the global situation regarding the price of raw materials for the manufacture of feed has not improved. This means that farms use more affordable but poorer quality ingredients<\/strong> in their formulas, such as raw materials with high percentages of broken grain and dust.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This situation allows fungi and bacteria<\/strong> to grow more easily. In addition to reducing the nutritional value of the substrate, these microorganisms are the source of infections and produce toxins such as mycotoxins, which affect the health of animals. For this reason, there is a raising concern towards the control of microorganisms such as Salmonella<\/em><\/strong> in the feed, and high levels of aflatoxins, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol were detected in corn<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Northern hemisphere<\/strong>, humidity levels increased, and temperatures decreased. This has led to an augment of problems related to coccidia, necrotic enteritis, fungal contaminations, and mycotoxins<\/strong>. This increase in environmental humidity is more severe in farms where the ventilation is reduced to maintain a suitable temperature for the animals without investing more in heating. Poor ventilation also resulted in the accumulation of<\/strong> ammonia in the farms<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Southern hemisphere<\/strong>, an increase in infectious diseases<\/strong> has been observed, particularly of viral problems that are transmitted by migratory birds that travel from North to South in search of a better weather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. QUERIES BY SECTOR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

II.1. Poultry farming<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Viral diseases<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Southern hemisphere, poultry farms were affected by outbreaks of viral diseases<\/strong> transmitted by migratory birds, such as avian infectious bronchitis<\/strong> (IBV) and adenovirus. This has generated interest in finding natural ways to improve the effectiveness of vaccines. Another disease that has gained importance this quarter is avian flu<\/strong> in the Middle East, transmitted by migratory birds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bacterial diseases<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Infectious toxic hepatoenteritis (HETI)<\/strong> has been reported all around the world. Concerns remain regarding the control of zoonosis-causing bacteria<\/strong>, such as Salmonella<\/em>, E. coli<\/em>, and Campylobacter<\/em>. In addition to representing a danger to public health, these bacteria can have a negative impact on production performance. Salmonella<\/em> causes birds to have biconcave nodules on the internal surfaces in birds, while E. coli<\/em> has been associated with several cases of pericarditis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is interest in maintaining the balance of the intestinal flora<\/strong> to improve digestive health. This is because rapid transit and dirty egg<\/strong> problems<\/strong> have been observed in poultry farms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parasitoses<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Northern hemisphere, outbreaks of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis<\/strong> were diagnosed in broilers<\/strong> due to high humidity. Globally, outbreaks of blackhead disease (histomoniasis)<\/strong> were observed in turkeys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Others<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Images 1-3. <\/strong>(1) Pulmonar nodule Salmonella. (2) Hydrosalpingitis by IBV. (3) Foot-pad dermatitis in duck.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

II.2. Pig farming<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Actinobacillus suis<\/em><\/strong> is still present in pig farms around the world, causing immunodeficiency in affected pigs. This condition produces an increase in secondary problems such as pneumonia<\/strong> or Streptococcus<\/em> infections<\/strong>, which take advantage of the animal’s weakness to cause diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other conditions observed in pigs were metritis-mastitis-agalactia (MMA) syndrome<\/strong>, related to the production of toxins at the digestive level, post-weaning diarrhea<\/strong> and other enteric problems that usually affect pigs in more advanced stages, such as porcine ileitis and dysentery<\/strong>, and the intestinal hemorrhagic syndrome<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.3. Aquaculture<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tilapia production systems were affected by Streptococcus<\/em><\/strong> outbreaks. This bacterium usually affects the most advanced development stages, which is why it has a great economic impact. Temperature changes, high densities, inappropriate handling practices or any other factor that causes stress to animals can be the origin of one of these outbreaks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the other hand, there is a growing interest in the use of enzymes<\/strong> in aquaculture diets, additives that should be selected based on the diet and the particularities of the digestive system of the target species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.4. Ruminants<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In ruminants, mastitis <\/strong>and problems caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii <\/em><\/strong>were reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

FOURTH QUARTER OF 2021 I. GLOBAL SITUATION During this fourth quarter of 2021, the global situation regarding the price of raw materials for the manufacture of feed has not improved. This means that farms use more affordable but poorer quality … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":6374,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,84],"tags":[46,45],"yoast_head":"\nSEASONAL PATHOLOGY AND NUTRITION BULLETIN - FOURTH QUARTER 2021<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"During this fourth quarter of 2021, the global situation regarding the price of raw materials for the manufacture of feed has not improved. 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